Phosphate rock refers to the general name of phosphate minerals that can be utilized economically and is an important chemical mineral raw material. It can produce phosphate fertilizer, yellow phosphorus, phosphoric acid, phosphide and other phosphates. The finished products are used in industrial sectors such as medicine, food, matches, dyes, sugar, ceramics, and national defense.
Phosphate rocks can be divided into apatite and phosphate rock according to their different origins. Apatite refers to phosphate rocks in which phosphorus occurs in the form of crystalline apatite in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Phosphorite refers to an accumulation body formed by exogenous processes and composed of cryptocrystalline or microcryptocrystalline apatite and other gangue minerals. There are about 120 kinds of phosphorus-containing minerals known in nature, which are widely distributed. However, there are only a few phosphorus-containing minerals that can be mined and utilized in terms of quality and quantity. In industry, the main phosphorus-containing mineral used to extract phosphorus is apatite, followed by strontium phosphorite, struvite, and bluestone. About 95% of phosphorus in nature is concentrated in apatite.